| System | Initial Cost ($ + hrs) / unit | Annualized Cost ($ + hrs) / unit | sqft building | sqft land | Other Resources | Revenue | Market Cost | Benefits | | --------------------------- | ----------------------------- | -------------------------------- | ------------- | --------- | -------------------------------- | ------- | ----------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Distributed Battery Storage | $2.8M + 8,000 hrs | $172k + 1,993 hrs | 2,000 | 0 | Grid connection, Climate control | $150k | $912k | Energy independence, Peak shaving, Emergency backup, Distributed resilience | ### Assumptions - 1000-person micro society with 10 MWh daily usage - 48-hour backup capacity (20 MWh) for resilience - Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) chemistry for safety and longevity - 80 distributed units (250 kWh each) across community buildings - 15-year minimum battery lifespan with 85% end-of-life capacity - Climate-controlled indoor installation locations - Round trip efficiency of 92% - Community provides installation and maintenance labor - Warranty coverage for major component failures #### Internal Resource Unit Costs - Electricity: $0.15/kWh - Climate control: $0.05/sqft/day - Building space: Community owned - Network connectivity: Existing infrastructure ### Market Solutions $912k/year Based on commercial battery storage service: - Battery lease: $350/kWh/year × 20,000 kWh = $700k - Service contract: $100k/year - Emergency response coverage: $62k/year - Grid connection fees: $50k/year Total annualized: $912k/year ### Labor 1,460 Hours/year | Task | Hours/Year | Notes | | --------------------------- | ---------- | ---------------------------------- | | Daily monitoring | 365 | Remote system checks | | Weekly inspections | 416 | Physical checks of each bank | | Thermal management | 260 | HVAC maintenance | | Quarterly maintenance | 240 | Deep testing and maintenance | | Network/controls | 104 | Software and communication systems | | Emergency response training | 75 | Safety and response procedures | | Total Labor Hours | 1,460 | | ### Operating Costs $85k/year | Component | External Cost ($) | Internal Cost ($) | Notes | | ---------------------- | ----------------- | ----------------- | ----------------------------------- | | Replacement parts | $35,000 | 0 | Contactors, fuses, minor components | | Climate control | 0 | $25,000 | HVAC energy consumption | | Network infrastructure | $15,000 | 0 | Communication and monitoring | | Testing equipment | $10,000 | 0 | Calibration and replacement | | Total Annual Cost | $60,000 | $25,000 | | ### Initial Costs $2.8M + 8,000 hrs → $187k + 533 hrs/year | Component | Initial Cost ($ + hrs) | Lifespan (Years) | Amortized Cost/Year ($ + hrs) | Justification | | --------------------------- | ---------------------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | | Battery Banks | $2.24M + 3,200 hrs | 15 | $149.3k + 213 hrs | 80 × 250kWh units at $112/kWh | | Power Electronics | $280k + 1,600 hrs | 10 | $28k + 160 hrs | Inverters, controllers, protection | | Installation Infrastructure | $160k + 2,000 hrs | 20 | $8k + 100 hrs | Racking, wiring, conduit | | Monitoring Systems | $120k + 1,200 hrs | 10 | $12k + 120 hrs | Sensors, displays, software | | Total Initial Cost | $2.8M + 8,000 hrs | - | $187k + 533 hrs | | ### System Outputs | Output Type | Daily Units | Annual Units | Internal Cost ($/unit) | Internal Cost (hrs/unit) | Notes | | -------------- | ----------- | ------------ | ---------------------- | ------------------------ | ------------------------------ | | Energy Storage | 20 MWh | 7,300 MWh | $0.012/kWh | 0.2 hrs/MWh | Based on round trip efficiency | | Peak Shaving | 2 MW | 730 MW | $0.015/kW | 0.15 hrs/MW | Demand charge reduction | | Backup Power | 2.5 MW | 912.5 MW | $0.010/kW | 0.1 hrs/MW | Emergency capacity | ### Revenue $150k/year | Service Category | Revenue ($) | Notes | | ---------------- | ----------- | ------------------------------------- | | Grid Services | $90,000 | Frequency regulation, demand response | | Peak Shaving | $60,000 | Utility demand charge reduction | | Total | $150,000 | External revenue opportunities | ### Technical Specifications #### 1. Battery Units (80 × 250kWh) - Chemistry: LiFePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate) - Voltage: 800V DC nominal - Capacity: 250kWh per unit - Peak Power: 125kW per unit - Round Trip Efficiency: 92% - Cycle Life: >6,000 cycles to 80% capacity - Operating Temperature: 0-40°C - Communication: CAN bus + Ethernet - Internal BMS with cell balancing - Fire suppression system - IP54 rated enclosure #### 2. Power Electronics - Bi-directional inverters (150kW per unit) - Grid-forming capability - 480V AC output - Power factor: 0.95-1.0 leading/lagging - THD < 3% - Anti-islanding protection - Black start capability - Parallel operation support - Remote firmware updates #### 3. Monitoring & Control - SCADA system integration - Real-time cell monitoring - Predictive maintenance - Automated reporting - Remote operation capability - Mobile alerts/notifications - Data logging and analysis - Emergency shutdown system #### 4. Safety Systems - Temperature monitoring - Smoke/fire detection - Automatic disconnects - Emergency ventilation - Spill containment - Personnel safety equipment - Warning systems - Emergency protocols #### 5. Installation Requirements - Climate-controlled space - Fire-rated walls - Ventilation system - Access control - Lightning protection - Maintenance clearance - Cable routing paths - Network connectivity ### Operational Strategy #### 1. Daily Cycling - Morning discharge (peak) - Midday charging (solar/low demand) - Evening discharge (peak) - Night charging (low rates) #### 2. Grid Services - Frequency regulation - Voltage support - Demand response - Peak shaving #### 3. Emergency Operations - Automatic transfer on grid loss - Load prioritization - Extended runtime modes - Recovery procedures #### 4. Maintenance Schedule - Daily remote checks - Weekly visual inspections - Monthly performance tests - Quarterly deep maintenance - Annual capacity testing - 5-year major service