#### Inputs - 65 acres grazing land (2-3 grazing acres per cow) - 25 milking cows - 1 bull - annual feed: 9 tons/bull x 1 +11 tons/cow x 25 = 285 tons - annual water: 940K liters water - annual labor: 4000 hours #### Outputs - milk: 500 liters/day (25 liters/cow/day) - beef: ~1,125 kg (5 culled cows) - annual manure: 320 ton | System | Space Required | Annual Labor Hours | Annual Feed/Inputs | Protein Output (kg) | Calories Output | Key Benefits | Key Challenges | | ---------- | -------------- | ------------------ | ----------------------------- | ------------------- | --------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Fish Ponds | 100 acres | 5,000 | Water management | 7,200 (30%) | 42M (5%) | - Low maintenance<br>- High protein efficiency<br>- Integrated system | - Water quality management<br>- Technical expertise needed | | Chickens | 50 coops | 5,000 | 100,000 lbs feed | 7,300 (15%) | 72M (5%) | - Daily eggs<br>- Flexible scale<br>- Mobile systems | - Daily attention needed<br>- Feed dependent | | Dairy Cows | 65 acres | 4,000 | 285 tons feed<br>940K L water | 6,570* (18%) | 127M** (17%) | - High milk output<br>- Manure for fertility<br>- Beef byproduct | - Large land requirement<br>- Twice daily milking<br>- High water usage<br>- Feed intensive | | Goats*** | 20 acres | 2,000 | 70 tons feed | 2,500 | 40M | - Forest garden integration<br>- Less space/feed needed<br>- Manageable scale | - Lower output<br>- Fencing needs<br>- Herd management | *Calculated from milk protein (5,475 kg) + beef protein (1,095 kg) **Calculated from milk calories (115M) + beef calories (12M) ***Estimated comparison based on typical small-scale dairy goat operations The dairy cow system would provide significant outputs but requires substantial land and labor that could impact the efficiency of the existing integrated systems.